Obesity is a chronic disease caused by many things, characterized by excessfat in the body and occurs when the body mass index in adults is greater than 30 kg / m² according to the WHO (World Health Organization). and a known riskfactor for chronic diseases like heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea, osteoarthritis and some cancers.
The first step to see if there is obesity or not, is to know the body mass index(BMI), which is obtained by a calculation of height and weight of the individual and he squared.
BMI 18.5 to 24.9 is normal weight.
BMI 25.0 to 29.9 is overweight.
BMI of 30.0 to 39.9 is obese.
BMI of 40.0 or greater severe obesity (or morbid).
BMI of 35.0 or greater with at least one or other significant morbidity is also classified as morbidly obese.
The causes of obesity are multiple and include factors such as:
Excessive food intake, physical inactivity, psychological factors like depression,heredity, age Mexico currently ranks first in childhood obesity by the family lifestyle, pregnancy and other medical problems especially those related to the thyroid and ovaries.
The diagnosis is based on body measurements
Height and weight tables
Body mass index
Measuring body folds with a caliper
Measuring waist-hip ratio
TREATMENT: The factors that affect treatment are:
Cultural Factors
Personal Habits
Lifestyle
Genetics
It is more likely to achieve and maintain weight loss if you use a combination of strategies such as diet, exercise, counseling or medication. Ask your doctor or seek referral to a nutritionist. Diet: Reduce saturated fat, limiting refined carbohydrate, keep fat intake below 35% of total calories consumed per day, reduce portion size. A dietitian can help with its goal of total calorie intake, which should be based on your current weight and desired weight kilos down. Exercise: Ask your doctor about an exercise program, add small activities during the day. Use the stairs instead of elevators. Park your car a little further.Limit the time you spend watching television and using the computer. This is especially important in children. Medicines: alone are not a reliable option for losing weight and keeping it.Some serious side effects. Do not use nonprescription herbal medicines without consulting your doctor. Treatment in children and adolescents: Of course the problem of obesity is not restricted to adults. There is evidence that the same changes in diet, exercise and other behaviors can help children and teens lose weight. For example, for children can be beneficial to participate in group therapy that focuses on making changes in diet and behavior. It has been shown that, when complemented by changes in lifestyle, medications also help obese children lose weight. However, careful monitoring is required to avoid possible side effects. In some cases, bariatric surgery, such as gastric banding may be an option for obese adolescents. Bariatric surgery reduces the size of the stomach. In some cases, it rearranges the digestive tract. The smaller stomach can only hold a small portion of food at once. The procedures include gastric bypass and laparoscopic gastric banding, which is recommended for severe obesity and when weight loss is achieved by other means.
Among the complications that may arise include the following:
Cardiovascular: Insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva, corazón aumentado de tamaño y las arritmias y mareos asociados.
Endocrine: menstrual disorders and infertility.
Gastrointestinal: gastroesophageal reflux, catkins of fat in the liver, gallstones, hernia and colorectal cancers.
Renal and genitourinary: erectile dysfunction, urinary incontinence, chronic renal failure, breast cancer, uterine cancer and stillbirth.
Integument (skin and appendages): stretch marks, hyperpigmentation, frequent infections of skin folds and
Musculoskeletal: Gout, decreased mobility, bone pain and back.
Neurological: Increases the chance of stroke, headaches.
Once you reach your ideal weight, the ideal is to keep a proper exercise program and diet that mostly do not allow you to regain the fat and weight loss.
PREVENTION:
Preventing obesity can be difficult. There are many factors that influence your weight. General recommendations include:
Consult your doctor or a nutritionist about the right amount of calories you should eat each day.
Eat a diet with no more than 35% of daily calories from fat.
Follow an appropriate exercise program.
Limit the amount of time spent in sedentary activities. These include watching TV or using the computer.
Consult your doctor or a professional who specializes in physical activity onsome activity in their daily lives.
Ask a nutritionist to plan a diet that helps maintain a healthy weight or loseweight if necessary.
Obesity
