Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women diagnosed more than 400,000 new cases each year.
Causes or risk factors
The average age of onset is 45 years and risk factors include:

• Multiple sexual partners.
• Sex at an early age.
• Multiple births.
• Persistent infection with high-risk HPV (such as HPV 16 or 18);
• immunosuppression;
• Certain subtypes of HLA (human leukocyte antigen);
• Use of oral contraceptives;
• smoking
• Alcoholism.

      The cervix has asymptomatic lesions before the onset of cancer which are calledcervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and only detected by cytology,colposcopy and biopsy and microscopic observation.
Depending on the degree of evolution that when looking at under the microscopeare classified into three grades:

Nic I: dysplasia is observed in the lower third of the epithelium. Most returnspontaneously to 2 years, but 10% progress to higher grade CIN.

-NIC II: There dysplasia in the lower two thirds of the epithelium.

Nic III: The epithelium is dysplastic in its entirety. Also called carcinoma in situ.Most do not regress spontaneously, and at 2 years, 10% has become an invasive carcinoma.

CLINICAL OR REPRESENTATIONS
The main symptoms are:

• Abnormal Bleeding
• Increased vaginal discharge
• Pain in the pubic
• Pain during intercourse (sex).

In the advanced symptoms of invasion of the bladder (painful urination, bloody urine) and rectum (bloody stools or pain)

     In the advanced symptoms of invasion of the bladder (painful urination, bloody urine) and rectum (bloody stools or pain)

DIAGNOSIS
Cervical cancer rarely causes symptoms, so that the performance (annual) Pap test is essential. However, any bleeding or discharge from the vagina needsimmediate medical evaluation
The abnormal Pap test is the initial diagnosis. The test results are given in five"classes" ranging from class 1 (normal) to Class 5 (invasive cancer present).
In addition to the Pap smear, the doctor will perform other tests to more clearly establish the diagnosis, such as colposcopy (viewing the cervix or neck of the uterus during gynecological inspection with a speculum) to examine the cervical cells more closely with equipment special increase.
  
TREATMENT
Treatment depends on the diagnosis, according to the extent of cancer, treatment may consist of one or more therapies such as:

• Electrocoagulation, cryocoagulation cervical

• Surgery as local removal of the lesion in the early stages until the complete removal of the matrix in advanced stages.

• Radiation therapy to kill remaining cancer cells after surgery.

     The survival rate at 5 years for women with carcinoma in situ is virtually 100% not true in cases where the diagnosis is done in advanced stages, however, aftersuccessful treatment, she should consult the doctor regularly.

PREVENTION
Methods of preventing cervical cancer:

• Vaccine HPV
• Perform regular Pap.
• Avoid multiple sexual partners.
• Avoid smoking and alcoholism.
• Pap smears every 6 months.
• Use condoms if you have more than one sexual partner. Vacuna contra el virus del papiloma humano

     Recently approved cervical cancer vaccine, which is recommended for womenaged 11 to 14 years and covers the most frequently associatedpapillomaviruses, which are HPV-16 and HPV-18.
The vaccine is given before the onset of sexual intercourse, and thus preventsthe spread of HPV, which is responsible for the development of cervical cancer.

Love yourself, take care, COME TO BE HELD ONSMEAR